الوقاية والأرغنوميا
Volume 9, Numéro 1, Pages 13-22
2015-12-01
Diagnostic Challenges In Applying Ergonomics In Developing Countries
Authors : Abeysekera John .
Abstract
The science of Human Factors or Ergonomics applied in designing the work and machines to fit the human worker depends totally on measurements and methods. Diverse methodologies are used for evaluations, assessments and for diagnosing hazards, carrying out interventions and research. While advanced ergonomic methods are employed in Industrialized Countries (ICs) many challenges in diagnosis are experienced in Industrially Developing Countries (IDCs) due to the lack of knowhow and modern instrumentation. The cost factor is a major obstacle in IDCs. A literature survey of the methodology trends in ICs and of the typical application, methods practiced in IDCs were carried out to ascertain the state of the art of the problem. A case study conducted in a developing country, Sri Lanka consisting of ergonomic assignments in 25 work establishments and a National Body Size survey elucidated the diagnostic challenges confronted in developing countries in applying ergonomics. The literature reveals that latest ergonomic methodologies are used in ICs to carry out qualitative and quantitative tests in the field and in laboratories, do evaluations of human-machine systems, design physical work, environmental assessments and work organization issues. ICs are also engaged in sophisticated testing for research purposes e.g. human reliability analysis, task analysis, stress and mental load assessments, computer simulations and modeling, etc. However, IDCs trying to leap frog in acquiring modern technology are facing challenges in ergonomic methodology usage due to the limitations in economy, knowhow and instrumentation. The case study conducted in Sri Lanka has revealed that through traditional ergonomic methodology e.g. questionnaires and subjective assessment methods adequately reliable data can be collected for successful ergonomic interventions. Walk through surveys, interviewing techniques and checklists are cheap and popular in IDCs. However, the lack of ergonomic norms and expertise are disadvantages in IDCs in ergonomic interventions and research. Methodologies developed by Toyota Japan in improving working conditions and productivity and reducing waste, e.g. 5S, Six Sigma, Lean manufacturing. Kaizen and QFD, which are based on ergonomic principles, are cost effective and recommended to be practiced in IDCs.
Keywords
Applying Ergonomics in Developing Countries , ergonomic methodologies , improving working conditions, productivity , reducing waste.
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