مجلة التاريخ المتوسطي
Volume 3, Numéro 1, Pages 43-61
2021-07-02
Les Juifs De Testour : D’une Communauté Diasporique à Une Mémoire Collective Partagée
Auteurs : Toumi Souad .
Résumé
Within an epigraphic, architectural, onomastic, historical and archivistic, I attempt herein to shed light on the presence of Andalousian Jews in Tunisia throughout the modern and contemporary era. The Sephardic is a Hebrew cognomen designating the Jews in Spain. These latter are considered the first Judeo-Spanish who chose Tunisia as a refuge destination, notably following the fall of Grenada in 1492 and the issuing expulsion of of Jews and Muslims (Moriscos) from Spain to Tunisia 5 Tunis, Zaghouen, Testour…etc). From the beginning of the XVth century, chiefly in the XVI th, Italy at first has hosted a portion of the Jews driven out of the Iberian Peninsula, yet offered only a n uncertain temporary haven. During that time, Tunisia the country which received the largest number of Moriscos, became an attracting center for Spanish Jews known for commerce. This contribution became an occasion for selecting Testour City to be one of the most important cities hosting Spanish Jews. It was a center of a prominent diasporal community starting from the XVIIth Century, during Yusuf Dey’srule (1610-1637). Besides, starting from 1667, all Andalousian Jews fleeing were expelled in masses towards North Africa in general, and Tunisia in particular. They formed a minoritarian community, structured by Gorneyim, in Testour, where they differed greatly from the Jews indigenous of the region due to their European origin. They were regarded as an evident example of the European bourgeoisie. This contribution became the occasion for research of the diaspora coming from Spain that is distinct with its valuable, social and cultural identity. The method we are suggesting allows for presenting a critical look at the existence of this community along all these centuries. The approach is founded, hence, on the imprints and marks of the Jewish memory in this pluralistic city. Our goal will be, then, to present the crucialnes of the Spanish minority in Testour through their patrimonial stamps (the Synagogue, the cult objects, the cemetery, the epitaphs, the mausoleum of rebbi Fradji Chawwât …) and to give value to shared patrimony.
Mots clés
Jewish Diaspora ; Testour Andalusian city ; shared memory ; Judeo-Tunisian patrimony ; plural community
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